Whats Truly Happening with Communication Studies Essay Topics

What's Truly Happening with Communication Studies Essay Topics There are just a few things that define whether an essay you're working on is going to be a good one. There's also plenty of information about how to compose an essay and how to prevent the most typical mistakes, but should you need aid, you can refer to this video. Taking into account that lots of persuasive essays concern controversial topics, before writing, you might want to sit down and think of what your opinion on the topic actually is. The fantastic thing about science is there are so many topics you'll be able to write about regardless of which course you're taking. Select your topic carefully to be sure you're enthusiastic and can come across enough to say regarding the issue. It may be an emotional matter. Once you have decided on a topic, you might have to conduct research to support this major idea. You could possibly be given the topic straight away by your professor, or you could be free to decide on the topic yourself. It's important to not forget that the essay a part of your message about communication, thus you should avoidunclear writing and bad phrasing that is likely to make your message difficult to understand for the reader. Rhetorical questions do not need an answer. Don't hesitate to pick any of the gender essay topics within this list and start the journey to a well-written essay on gender difficulties. New Step by Step Roadmap for Communication Studies Essay Topics The very best visual aid ought to be dependent on the use of the presentation. Inside my opinion, another regular life application of the two can be viewed during conflict. A quantitative strategy is better when investigating topics that will be objectively measured. The capacity to demonstrate your own thinking, and your own comprehension of the problem and set it into words. Before you start your essay, you must assemble a comprehensive outline. Writing an excellent persuasive essay is not a simple job, however, it 's achievable. Admission essays for nursing studies are extremely important every time a student is in the practice of going into the curriculum. Always ensure that you proofreadyour communication essay or term paper to guarantee that it does not have any spelling and grammar mistakes. Last, if you're unsure about how to structure your paper, you can depend on essay templates. Essays enable a writer to come up with and increase his writing skills. These topics are extremely good that could be utilized in thesis writing assignments on communication. Structure your essay according to the topic. Your paper should concentrate on a problem of communication, which is related to present times. On-line essay services aren't the degree of technological cheating aids. How to compose the ideal business program. How to Find Communication Studies Essay Topics If you're studying a course linked to communication studies or you are thinking about pursuing a course in communication studies, you'd be dealing with plenty of information from various fields put together to explain about how folks communicate with one another. These topics are meant to help students identify some helpful sources. Therefore, students who study industry and other relevant subjects may be intere sted in writing on a number of the subsequent topics. General information Students that are new to the topic of social studies need to be ready for in-depth education at their very first lessons. When discussing gender equality topics, it's essential to follow certain rules not to abuse a specific kind of readers. Your essay may revolve around gender issues from different sections of the world such as women rights in the Middle East and so forth. This topic would enable you to learn more about the ways gender affects our behaviors in close relationships. To put it differently, utilize these topics as a means of sparking your own imagination. Communication Studies Essay Topics: the Ultimate Convenience! The secret to understanding a communication essay is to realize the definition of communication. There are many kinds of communication inside an organization, formal and informal. As long because there is clarity in communication, the target of communication will be done. T here are plenty of ways, through which an individual, can boost their communication abilities. Communication is extremely important portion of life in any stage and writing assignments on it's a good prospect for those students. This thesis topic gives students the opportunity to look at specific ads to find out if there's a connection between an ad and the business's performance. 2011 in the remedy is a a variety of a college and dreams. Thai massage business program.

The Theory Of The Scientific Revolution - 1255 Words

In the Scientific Revolution, â€Å"there occurred a shift in humans thinking from the medieval emphasis on God s eternal unchanging world, which governed people, the universe, and nature, to an approach that defined knowledge and understanding as derived from the immutable laws of nature independent of received truth.† Scientists changed the way people think about the world. The gears of the revolution began to turn when Copernicus questioned the geocentric theory, developing his theory of heliocentrism. Many scientists use the method of beginning with a question, experimenting, then falsifying the previous theory. This method of thinking became what is now known as the scientific method. Scientists impacted all fields of science from cosmology to biology. The fields of mathematics, chemistry, and medicine were drastically improved because of the scientists in their fields who discovered new concepts to propell the movement. In all three fields, there was a thirst for under standing and organization that was answered by the revolutionary new concepts. For chemistry, it was the development of the scientific method, for mathematics, it was the organization of the universe, and for medicine, it was the movement towards clinical practices. Due to prominent mathematicians of the time period, the field of mathematics was expanded because of the reason that it provided in a socially chaotic time period. In the French language, raison is the word in french for reason and also theShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Scientific Revolutions1501 Words   |  7 PagesIn my essay I plan to argue that Thomas Kuhn was incorrect when he presented his theory that no paradigm is better than any other paradigm and how he believed that people who occupy different paradigms are in different universes, in his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. I believe that there is no valid deductive or inductive support for incommensurability, there are examples against it throughout the history of science that do not exhibit the discontinuity and replacement of paradigmsRead MoreThe Theory Of Science And Scientific Revolutions1827 Words   |  8 Pagesexplaining Kuhn’s account of the structure of normal science and scientific revolutions . Firstly, normal science and revolutionary science are pieces of a paradigm. A paradigm, in turn, is a whole way of doing science. It is a package of claims about the world, habits of scientific thought and action, and methods for gathering and analyzing data (76). A paradigm is a belief that the community supports in terms of which scientific view is correct. For example, â€Å"the sun rises in the east each morning†Read MoreThe Theory Of Science And Scientific Revolutions2396 Words   |  10 Pagesby explaining Kuhn’s account of the structure of normal science and scientific revolutions. Firstly, normal science and revolutionary science are pieces of a paradigm. A paradigm, in turn, is a whole way of doing science. It is a package of claims about the world, habits of scientific thought and action, and methods for gathering and analyzing data (76). A paradigm is a belief that the community supports in terms of which scientific view is correct. For example, â€Å"the sun rises in the east each morning†Read MoreThe Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment Essay1696 Words   |  7 Pagesparallels between ideas of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment This essay will explore parallels between the ideas of the scientific revolution and the enlightenment. The scientific revolution describes a time when great changes occurred in the way the universe was viewed, d through the advances of sciences during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The enlightenment refers to a movement that grew out of the new scientific ideas of the revolution that occurred in the late seventeenthRead MoreEvaluating Kuhn ´s Theory of Scientific Development Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The scientific revolution started in the 16th and 17th century with development of the scientific theories (Hatch, n.d.). These Scientific theories are detailed explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on knowledge that has been repeatedly duplicated through observation and experimental procedures. The understanding or the attempt to understand the human’s perspective of the world through scientific theories is the birth to the philosophy of science (Okasha, 2002). SeveralRead MoreScience Revolutions and Inseases in Inventions Essay953 Words   |  4 PagesScience Revolutions and Inseases in Inventions Over the past millennium there have been several significant scientific revolutions that have led to an increase in the amount of inventions within that field of science. Yet some scientific revolutions have been restricted to a containment of research within the field and thus meant that no inventions have occurred. Specific reasons for the increase in research are basically because new inventions can help the needs ofRead MoreEssay on The Scientific Revolution1098 Words   |  5 PagesThere were three major revolutions at work during the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries, the scientific revolution, the enlightenment revolution and the political revolution. All of these revolutions have shaped western thought and ideals to this day and continue even in this age to shape western thoughts and ideals. What brought us to our thinking of today? Which, if any of the three, were the most important in shaping our thoughts on science, politics, and our social structures? OrRead MoreThe Contributions of Isaac Newton to The Scientific Revolution1064 Words   |  5 Pages The Scientific Revolution was a period when new scientific ideas where introduced into society. The Scientific Revolution laid down a foundation in which modern science is heavily based on. An influential figure of the Scientific Revolution is Sir Isaac Newton. He made many a dvancements in the field of science and mathematics, he discovered Gravity, developed the three basic laws of motion, and co-development of Calculus. Isaac Newton did several thing that positively affectedRead MoreScience Throughout the Ages912 Words   |  4 Pagessuccessfully applied to a situation. Someone who practices science is known as a scientist. Modern science has been traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution. Scientific methods are considered so fundamental to modern science that some would even consider early inquiries to be pre-scientific. In modern times, science is the way of pursuing knowledge, not just the workings of knowledge itself. Science continues to be used to indicate teachable and reliable knowledgeRead MoreIs Psychology A Science?998 Words   |  4 Pagesthis the following essay will be debating the principles of science, the scientific unifying approach, poppers opinion on whether psychology is a science through his theory of falsification, and examples of past falsifiable psychology research. The further argument of weather psychology has been revolutionised by looking at Khun’s opinion, and Millers paper on the revolution of cognitive science. Science its self is scientific methods being practiced to widen and construct a system of knowledge about

Annotated Bibliography On Affordable Care Act - 923 Words

Annotated Bibliography Angell, Marcia. Obamacare Confronts a Fiscal Crisis: Why The Affordable Care Act Doesn’t Add Up. New Labor Forum (Sage Publications Inc.) 22.1 (2013): 44-46. Academic Search Complete. Web. 1 Oct. 2016. In the journal, Marcia Angell – a faculty member of Harvard Medical School – argues that Affordable Care Act (ACA) doesn’t solve the problems of the American Healthcare system. Furthermore, she argues that the current program will unravel, slowly, but will eventually collapse. She believes the only cure for the American Health Care System is a single-payer healthcare system. Blackman, Josh. Obamacare On Life Support. National Review 68.17 (2016): 18-20. Academic Search Complete. Web. 1 Oct. 2016. In this article, Josh Blackman argues many points. His first point is that the healthcare law would never be successful because it didn’t have bipartisan support. If it had bipartisan support, there would have been more cooperation to help fix the problems with the program that appear. Next, he contributes the loss of insurance plans that some individuals experienced directly to the ACA. Finally, he blames the complete exit of some insurance companies from induvial states to the direct inflation of insurance premiums. Brady, Jenna. The Affordable Care Act: Creating Headaches Instead of Healing Them. University of Louisville Law Review 53.3 (2016): 627-650. Academic Search Complete. Web. 5 Oct. 2016. In this article, Jenna Brandy, aShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography : Robotic Surgical Training808 Words   |  4 PagesRunning Head: Annotated Bibliography Annotated Bibliography DHA 8032 Dewel Jamerson Dr. Wederski Annotated Bibliography Ben-Or, S., Nifong, W., Chitwood, W. (2013). Robotic Surgical Training. The Cancer Journal, 19(2), 120-123. This article is good and interesting because it talks about what surgeons go through to become proficient in using surgical robotics. The surgeons and the nurses have to learn to use visual cues when performing these surgeries since they do not haveRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography APA Format961 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Annotated Bibliography University of Maryland University College Annotated Bibliography Ghosh, C. (2013). Affordable Care Act: Strategies to Tame the Future.  Physician Executive,  39(6), 68-70. In this particular journal about the Affordable Care Act (ACA), the author Ghosh attempts to prove which areas of the medical sector will have the most impact. The research will show that the relationship between the newer technologies with improved electronic healthRead MoreHealthcare Administrator Of Insurance Industry : Director Integrated Health Management1456 Words   |  6 PagesIntegrated Health Management (DIHM). 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Even so, producing more direct-care professionals will be insufficient to meet the growing need for nursesRead MoreThe Extension / Restriction Of Medicaid / Medicare1632 Words   |  7 Pages Medicare is a federal program that makes an authorized privilege to health benefits for the elderly and disabled. It also undermines the right of workers to control their retirement savings and the freedom of elders to control their own health care. On the other hand, Medicaid creates an entitlement to health benefits for the poor. While I realized that Medicaid and Medicare were federal programs offered by the U.S. govern ment, I did not know whether some states expanded or restricted Medicaid/MedicareRead MoreManaging Healthcare1948 Words   |  8 Pagesmyriad of social and economic issues every day. Among these issues, The Affordable Healthcare Act (more popularly known as Obamacare) is a recent policy that has caused a lot of controversy. The Affordable Healthcare Act is a federal, 1 social program that will give all citizens healthcare coverage through government funding via tax revenue (Lazarus, 2011). The argument of whether or not to implement The Affordable Healthcare Act is fiercely debated on by both politicians and ordinary, informed citizensRead MoreWhy People Always Consider Buy Different Kinds Of Insurance?1842 Words   |  8 PagesAnnotated Bibliography Issue: Why people always consider to buy different kinds of insurance? Periodicals Klepper’s article serves as an introduction and outline for the conception of insurance, he talked about the response to Four Conceptions of Insurance of Professor Kenneth S. Abraham. The article discusses the three groups that has been ignored in the society, the crucial interests in such governance principles and policy options. When they were doing the examination for these three specialRead MoreHealth Care Reform: The New Definition of Socialism Essay2483 Words   |  10 PagesHealth Care Reform: The New Definition of Socialism. â€Å"In 2007 nearly fifty-million Americans did not have health insurance, while another twenty-five million were underinsured†. (Health CS). The United States one of the most powerful countries in the world where a national health care system is nonexistent because there is no financial accountability. Politics, money and bureaucracy have left Americans with doubt, confusion and the worries on how to pay for health coverage. United States shouldRead MoreMacro Research Paper2218 Words   |  9 PagesTARP accounted for almost $250 billion of fiscal year 2009’s record deficit. In February 2009, the new Obama Administration and Congress enacted a major stimulus package – the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) – to arrest the economy’s plunge and to stimulate the job market. The Act included direct government spending in infrastructure, education, health, energy, federal tax incentives, expansion of unemployment benefits, and other social welfare provisions. The rationale for ARRA accordsRead MoreHealth Care Reform3217 Words   |  13 Pagespleased to present to you my final research paper on Health Care Reform: Moving Closer To A Solution, the topic for which was approved by you on November 8, 2007. I acquired most of my research material from the Parkland College Library, and internet sources found through the search engine, Google. There was a wealth of information available to use in order for me to write a convincing paper on the reasons for the need for health care reform and why universal coverage is an important goal for

Candy Shop Free Essays

Candy Shop Business Plan It would seem that if you’re starting a confectionary that writing a candy shop business plan should be all sugar, sweet, and fun as well. If you’re here, you’ve figured out that’s not exactly the case. That’s because writing a candy shop business plan can be as difficult as developing a coherent and effective strategy and plan for any other new start-up or existing operation. We will write a custom essay sample on Candy Shop or any similar topic only for you Order Now As you’ve probably figured out by now, it’s going to take more than a passion for chocolate to get your business off the ground. But if you’re still struggling to get started, here are a few things to think about that will help you develop your candy shop business plan: †¢ Why will your candy shop be unique? †¢ How will you generate a profit? Will you charge high prices? Keep costs low? Both? †¢ Are there any competing businesses in the area? If so, how will you draw customers from them? †¢ Why are you the right person to handle the operation? These questions can help you start to think about the things that will be critical to the success of your business. In addition, they are important to answer because investors or lenders will want to see that you’ve considered and sufficiently addressed these points in your business plan. If you’d like more information about the other elements that a banker, angel investor, or venture capitalist might want in your candy shop business plan, MasterPlans can help. We are the leaders in the business plan writing industry and have developed scores of successful business plans for our clients. How to cite Candy Shop, Papers

Personality Social Psychology Goal Concepts -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Personality Social Psychology Goal Concepts? Answer: Introducation Organizational behavior assists to increase the efficiency of the employees who are conducting their day to day operations of the organization. In the recent scenario, it is seen that the theories of an organization play a great role to conduct the activities of the organization smoothly. The organizational `theories are related to the human resources and give direct impact on the overall objectives of the operations. Productive performance is important for the companies as it assists to operate the activities efficiently (Korschun et al., 2014). Theories of organizational behavior are related to the study in which people and groups interact with each other in an effective manner. There are various theories related to the organizational behavior. In this essay, the emphasis will be given on enhancing the satisfaction level of job, job performance and promoting innovation. To achieve positive results the managers give focus on various tactics that should be taken into consideration for reorganizing groups and compensation structures. Managers focus on increasing the productivity level by giving various benefits to the workers of the organization. Managers give their best so that the employees can be motivated to conduct the activities efficiently (Cullen et al., 2014). It is analyzed that managers consider organizational theories so that overall performance and productivity level of the employees can be enhanced. It is important for the workers to gain knowledge so that the operations of the organization can achieve profitability. Profits can only be achieved by the companies if they hire efficient employees for conducting the routine activities. This paper will also give emphasis on the theories of organizational behavior so that the performance level of the employees can be enhanced (Verburg et al., 2017). With the increase in the competition, level it is important to maintain the activities of the organization. If the activities of the organization are maintained then it will assist the employees to complete the assigned tasks in a proper manner. If digitalization is taken into consideration it is evaluated that level of competition is enhancing day by day (Humphrey, 2015). To encourage the employees it is evaluated that managers reveal many elements of the personality so that the workers of the organization can be motivated. The factors that are evaluated in the organizational behavior are psychology, sociology, anthropology, political science, and economics. The focus is given by the management of the organization on the organizational behavior theories. It is seen that the factor of psychology evaluates the behavior by considering the incentives and sociology and analyzes the connection between the employees with each other. Social psychology gives emphasis on many situations like stress and conflicts. Anthropology analyzes the consumers, traditions and social norms of the company. Political science also analyzes the power that considers the incentives so that the worker's productive performance can be increased. Job designing should be taken into consideration for motivating the workers. If the job is assigned according to the qualifications then it can give positive impact on the overall goals and objectives of the organization. Job designing gives emphasis on reducing the dissatisfaction from the activities. Job design also has the connection with X and Y' theory which is known as common sense theory. The employees who take into consideration x theory gives emphasis on the monetary advantages and theory Y workers give emphasis on the lives and independence. Theory X employees are considered as lazy and theory Y employees give their best so that the image of the organization can be maintained. The organization considers the theory of X and Y so that the overall productive performance of the employees can be enhanced (Haider et al., 2015). Job satisfaction is an important factor that helps the employees to retain for a long time in the organization. Herzberg's theory helps the companies to design the job according to the requirements of the employees. In this theory, the motivators help to gain satisfaction and also dissatisfaction in an organization (Atmojo, 2015).The theories are considered by the managers so that activities can be increased of the organization. This theory is concerned with enhancing the satisfaction level of the employees and give proper training to the candidates of the organization. It is important that the company should give proper benefits to the employees who are from a long time so that they feel satisfied with the rules and regulations of the organization. Reward theories should also be taken into consideration so that the motivation factor in the employees can be increased. The managers of the organization focus on making the environment of the organization positive. Conflict resolution assists the managers to create proper relations between the employees and management. It is the duty of the manager to control the conflicts of the organization so that the activities can be conducted smoothly. Approaches related to human also maintain positive organizational relationships so that the employees can feel encouraged and happy to operate the activities within the organization. The working environment helps the employees to increase the productive performance in an effective way. The environment should be disciplined as well as friendly so that the employees cannot hesitate to raise their queries and can also give feedback accordingly. Managers of the companies should give emphasis on setting Smart goals so that the employees can conduct the activities in a smart way with innovative ideas. The activities of the organization are conducted smoothly if Goal setting strategy is taken into consideration. If this strategy is considered then there are various positive impact like dissatisfaction of the employees can be reduced and the employees can conduct the activities smoothly without any hesitation (Hwang and Lee, 2016). "Maslow's hierarchy of needs" is also the theory that helps to motivate employees who are working in the organization. In this theory the five factors are considered like physiological, safety, belonging, esteem and self-actualization need. The employee who does not have a good position in the organization focuses on physic logical, safety needs and belonging needs. The senior executives of organization give emphasis on esteem and self-actualization needs. It is important to fulfill the basic requirements of the employees so that they feel satisfied and happy to conduct the activities in an effective manner. This theory is basically related to enhance the motivation level of the employees (Pinder, 2014). Motivation is the best accounting that helps the organization to sustain the competitive market. It is seen that if the employees are dedicated towards the work then goals and objectives of the organization can be accomplished (Nuttin, 2014). One of the motivation theories is expectancy theory in which the organization helps the employees to increase productive performance and job satisfaction. Two types of motivation factors are there intrinsic and extrinsic. In the intrinsic rewards, personal growth and achievement are considered. In extrinsic motivation, the focus is on salary enhancement and also on the bonuses. Managers should give rewards to the employees by analyzing their performance and requirements. It is also seen that the employees should be free to come at any time in the organization. If there is flexibility in the working pattern of the employees then it will help to enhance the satisfaction of the workers conducting their assigned task (Bonner and Baumann, 2016). It helps to increase the motivation of the employees so that they can give their best. Retention of the employees can be done if proper facilities are given to the employees who are conducting their routine activities (Pervin, 2015). It is important for the managers to give emphasis on the overall goals and objectives of the company so that the operations can be conducted smoothly. The jobs should be given to the workers by analyzing their capability and capacity to conduct the operations. The working condition should be positive so that positive results can be achieved. So, it is important that working conditions should be considered by evaluating the needs of the employees. Facilities should be given to the employees so that they feel happy and comfortable in conducting their task (Mathieu et al., 2016). So, by evaluating the paper, it is seen that organizational behavior theories help the companies to conduct the activities smoothly and with efficiency. It is also important that organization should have positive relations with the employees. If there are more conflicts in the organization then it can enhance the dissatisfaction level of the employees. So policies and procedures should be set that enhances the overall satisfaction of the workers. The theory related to goal setting also gives assistance to the managers so that the problems can be resolved effectively. It is seen that workplace environment plays a great role to enhance the motivation level of the workers. Managers should give emphasis on giving proper focus on the employees so that capability can be analyzed. If the employees are capable to conduct the activities of the organization then it can be easy to accomplish the overall growth. Growth is essential to survive in the market and efficient employees help the organi zation to conduct the activities for a long time. References Atmojo, M., 2015. The influence of transformational leadership on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and employee performance.International research journal of business studies,5(2). Bonner, B.L. and Baumann, M.R., 2016. An Expectancy Theory Approach to Group Coordination: Expertise, Task Features, and Member Behavior. Cullen, K.L., Edwards, B.D., Casper, W.C. and Gue, K.R., 2014. Employees adaptability and perceptions of change-related uncertainty: Implications for perceived organizational support, job satisfaction, and performance.Journal of Business and Psychology,29(2), pp.269-280. Haider, M., Aamir, A., Hamid, A.A. and Hashim, M., 2015. A literature analysis on the importance of non-financial rewards for employees job satisfaction.Abasyn Journal of Social Sciences,8(2), pp.341-354. Humphrey, R., 2015. The influence of leader emotional intelligence on employees job satisfaction: a meta-analysis. InInternational Leadership Association 17th Annual Global Conference. Hwang, I.H. and Lee, H.Y., 2016. The employee's information security policy compliance intention: theory of planned behavior, goal setting theory, and deterrence theory applied.Journaland objectives of the organization can be accomplished Korschun, D., Bhattacharya, C.B. and Swain, S.D., 2014. Corporate social responsibility, customer orientation, and the job performance of frontline employees.Journal of Marketing,78(3), pp.20-37. Mathieu, C., Fabi, B., Lacoursire, R. and Raymond, L., 2016. The role of supervisory behavior, job satisfaction and organizational commitment on employee turnover.Journal of Management Organization,22(1), pp.113-129. Nuttin, J., 2014.Future time perspective and motivation: Theory and research method. Psychology Press. Pervin, L.A. ed., 2015.Goal concepts in personality and social psychology. Psychology Press. Pinder, C.C., 2014.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Verburg, R.M., Nienaber, A.M., Searle, R.H., Weibel, A., Den Hartog, D.N. and Rupp, D.E., 2017. The role of organizational control systems in employees organizational trust and performance outcomes.Group Organization Management, p.1059601117725191.

The Scientific Method an Example by

The Scientific Method When conclusions are induced from observing natural ecological processes, it is possible that the wrong conclusions are made, such as the once-believed notion that frogs originate from mud. When controlled experimentation occurs, results appear that are different from a control experiment. It is therefore possible to see the difference between what normally takes place ecologically and what results from adding a factor. It is more conclusive and scientifically responsible to experiment, rather than observe (Carter 2004). Need essay sample on "The Scientific Method" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed College Students Very Often Tell Us: Who wants to write my cultural identity essay for me? EssayLab specialists recommend: Find Brilliant Papers For Sale Here How To Write A College PaperHow To Write A Research PaperCustom PaperPay For Papers WrittenWrite My PaperWrite Essay For MoneyCoursework Writing ServiceBuy Essay One exotic species that has plagued the Northeast and Southern states is Japanese Barberry, Berberis thunbergii DC. Its negative impact on its environment is choking out resources to other native plants, by taking soil moisture, nutrients, and sunlight for itself and outcompeting other nearby plants. It is also a problem due to its lack of natural animal predators - not many birds or other animals eat it. Its impact could have been lessened by very strict regulation of its introduction and establishment, but once it had begun to proliferate, action to eradicate the plant is necessary. Selective burning has been implemented in some states already (USDA). The scientific method can be applied to ecological problems by recreating situations in the laboratory. If it is known that birds live in an area with high air pollution, birds can be tested for blood levels of the chemicals in the air, and therefore it is discovered how air pollution affects birds in that area. In scientific testing, replication of the experiment is necessary many times; quantitative data is necessary; and conclusions must only be deduced after exhausting all possibilities. The scientific method has been used for many centuries of scientific exploration, and it is necessary for the experimentation of modern ecological issues. There are plenty of humans and animals that live among the testable "conditions" who can participate in studies. Also, current ecological situations can be recreated in labs, in order to carefully control probable factors and therefore discover results without harming either humans or animals (Carter 2004). References "The Scientific Method." J. Stein Carter. November 2004. 6 June 2009. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Plants Database. "Plants Profile: Japanese Barberry."http://www.plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=beth. 6 June 2009.

Feasibility Assessment of the Pearl River Tower The WritePass Journal

Feasibility Assessment of the Pearl River Tower References Feasibility Assessment of the Pearl River Tower 1.Introduction:1.1 Background to the Problem:1.2. Substitute Technology:1.2.1. Description of Pearl River Tower:1.1.2. Purpose of the report:2. Method2.1. Criteria2.2. Procedure3. Results3.1. Sustainability and Energy Generation Techniques3.1.1. Sustainability Approach: â€Å"Zero Net Energy†3.1.2 The Active Faà §ade3.1.3 Radiant Ceiling and Below Floor Ventilation3.1.4. Building Integrated Photovoltaics3.1.5 Wind Turbines3.2. Safety:4. RecommendationReferencesRelated This research report provides a feasibility assessment of the Pearl River Tower. The Pearl River Tower upon completion plans to be the most energy efficient and sustainable of all mega structures in the world till present day. Conventional building is preferred due to its economic benefits and amount of time needed for completion of a project, but it is one of the biggest contributors to global warming. Green building, which is perfectly portrayed in the Pearl River Tower, serves as a good solution for the ongoing environmental problem. This report defines the Pearl River Tower and explains the way it functions as well as its numerous benefits. The Pearl River Town is more efficient than and other super tall structures, is economically feasibly, can generate its own energy as well as an additional amount of energy that can be supplied to exterior sources. After a full analysis of each criterion, a recommendation will be reached concerning the implementation of the Pearl River Tower a nd similar green structures. 1.Introduction: 1.1 Background to the Problem: One of the greatest hurdles of the 21st century is the excessive emission of CO2. The environmental conditions are regressing annually and have reached a point where it has become a strain on human and animal life. Buildings and other mega structures are primary contributors to global warming. Classical building’s main concern was purely based on economy, durability, and comfort. However nowadays people have become more aware of the environment, and are therefore taking drastic measures to improve this situation. Some of these measures include green building, which refers to building using energy efficient methods, and shifting from fossil fuels to renewable energy. Buildings are responsible for a minimum of 40% of energy consumption and carbon emissions in most countries (4, para.1). The per capita carbon emission in china was almost five tons in 2008 (average is 4.18 tons per capita), which is about 18% of world emissions (3, para.7). The Chinese government aims to reduce 40-45% of emissions by 2020(6, para.1). International companies are taking on new sustainable and renewable projects, many of which are based in China. Energy-saving technologies in buildings can drastically reduce carbon emissions. The main problem with traditional towers is the consumption of fossil fuels, which results in numerous types of wastes. The methods applied within the structures to generate and consume energy are polluting and hazardous to the environment. They use artificial lighting, cooling, and heating systems that demand a great deal of electricity, which in turn is a result of burning fossil fuels. The glass that these buildings are composed of is another example of the inconvenient methods applied. This glass is called architectural glass that allows the transfer of heat and energy, which leads to the squandering of heat. All these negatives have lead to the development of various renewable energy techniques. Solar energy, wind power, hydropower, biomass, biofuel, and geothermal energy are all types of renewable energy that could be used in green buildings. 1.2. Substitute Technology: The Pearl River Tower was recognized as a major substitute for traditional buildings. It is a structure that is non-hazardous to the environment and that can generate and supply energy. 1.2.1. Description of Pearl River Tower: The Pearl River Tower is a 309.6-meter tower, consisting of 71 floors, and extending over 214,100 square meters of land (5, project facts). This tower, upon completion, is expected to be the most efficient of all the super tall structures in the world. It is located in Guangzhou, China. The Pearl River Tower is designed to generate its own energy using sustainable methods, which decreases its dependency on the electrical network, therefore reducing consumption of fossil fuels required to power it. The design took many aspects into consideration, which included the integrated system’s interdependence and the building site. To achieve the optimum design many factors were studied such as the site, wind direction and speed, material, sun path, energy sources and building alignment. After these numerous studies, the team of engineers and architects where able to combine a number of different systems which include wind turbines, photo-voltaic, active faà §ade, and double wall systems (7, para 7) Although the structure was originally designed to be â€Å"net zero energy†, such that the building is self-sustaining, and any extra power would be sold and sent back to the grid; however, there were modifications to the plan. The tower was optimized in a way to consume 60% less energy than any other conventional building of its size (1, para 1). 1.1.2. Purpose of the report: Constructing â€Å"carbon- neutral† structures has become of major interest to engineers recently. Therefore, the Pearl River Tower would serve as a stepping stone for future designs of green skyscrapers. This report will study the feasibility of the Pearl River Tower through evaluating certain criteria. The closing of the report will include a recommendation of whether to construct green buildings such as the Pearl River Tower. 2. Method 2.1. Criteria We will study the feasibility of the Pearl River Tower by studying various criteria: Sustainability and Energy Generation Techniques: We will study and discuss the methods used to produce energy within the tower, in addition to the structures sustainability. Safety: We will study the effect the tower has on its occupants and its surroundings. Construction process: We will explore the techniques used while constructing the tower and the time needed for completion. Economy: We will consider the cost of the tower and whether the project is economically feasible. Efficiency: We will discuss whether the structure is efficient on the long run. 2.2. Procedure In order to assess the mentioned criteria we gathered information from plenty of sources including a published report released by the Pearl River Tower’s construction company called SOM, numerous online articles, and interviews conducted with university professors. 3. Results 3.1. Sustainability and Energy Generation Techniques 3.1.1. Sustainability Approach: â€Å"Zero Net Energy† The initial approach for the Pearl River Tower was one that would provide â€Å"Zero Net Energy† generated. This approach would require the implementation of four interdependent steps: Reduction: This first step is defined by identifying the possibilities of energy reduction, then proceeding in reducing the amount of energy consumed by the building as much as possible. The focus is on systems with high power consumption such as HVAC (Heating ,Ventilation and Air Conditioning) as well as lighting systems. Absorption: The second step is to include absorption strategies, defined by taking advantage of natural and passive energy sources, such as the sun and the wind. Reclamation: This step in a high performance design aims to recollect all the energy that is already stored within the building. Once energy is added to the building, it could be reused. An example used in the Pearl River Tower is the recirculation of chilled air from AC systems to precool the outside air before it enters the building so that less energy is required to cool it down to required levels. Figure 1 Micro Turbine Installation Generation: this final step aims at generating clean power in an efficient and environmentally friendly manner. The Pearl River Tower implements micro –turbines which are able to generate energy cleaner and more efficiently than what the grid is capable of. It is worthwhile to mention that these turbines can be operated using different typed of fuel such as kerosene, diesel, propane and methane gas. (7,p4) Figure 2 A double walled high performance facade 3.1.2 The Active Faà §ade Nowadays, employment of reflective, fully glazed facades is becoming increasingly common. Their popularity started in Europe and is now spreading across the United States and China. By including a second layer of glass behind the exterior one, the room for increased venting, shading and control application would be increased. The active faà §ade is an application for the reduction strategy mentioned earlier since a dehumidification system could be applied by harnessing the heat collected in the double wall faà §ade. The design of the double walled faà §ade provides benefits such as increased thermal comfort , an improved air quality due to recirculation as well as better lighting due to a transparent nature of the walls. They also provide noise insulation from outside conditions, and that is especially needed if the tower is high enough, since wind speeds at high altitudes would create vortices that produce a lot of noise, as well as the street level floors that have the problem of noise from traffic. Furthermore, the increased penetration of light from the exterior would require less artificial lighting and therefore would lead to saving energy. The cavity also acts as a natural chimney using the cooler air from the occupied office areas to enter the cavity via a gap at floor level to allow fresher air to enter the occupied areas. The trapped hot air in the cavity is extracted through the ceiling void and is used either as a pre-heat or pre-cool depending upon outside air temperatures. The faà §ade then acts as an integral part in our reclamation as well as reduction strategy. 3.1.3 Radiant Ceiling and Below Floor Ventilation As mentioned previously, HVAC operation is one of the more costly operations in a building when it comes to energy. The Pearl River Tower designers therefore implemented new techniques that help cut down on costs. The traditional approach is to dump cold or warm air into the occupational space for it to mix with the ambient air in order to balance out at a comfortable temperature. This approach requires constant energy input for the HVAC system. The designers chose to implement a radiant ceiling and below floor ventilation system in order to provide that comfort from different methods, not just dumping air into a room. The room temperature would be conditioned from above and below simultaneously through a radiative system in the ceiling and a floor air delivery system. This system is effective in cutting down maintenance and operation costs compared to traditional HVAC 3.1.4. Building Integrated Photovoltaics Building integrated photovoltaics as opposed to normal photovoltaics would make up the building exterior instead of being added as an extra feature. In the Pearl River Tower application, the photovoltaics serve a dual purpose: they provide the buildings outer envelope as well as generating electricity gathered from solar radiation. We thus save money and energy by not paying for wall mounting panels, and adding the cost of the photovoltaics as an extension. The system not only provides electricity generation, but it also shades the parts of the tower that are most susceptible to sunlight. 3.1.5 Wind Turbines Figure 3 Building integrated Photovoltaics Wind energy is the fastest growing renewable energy source in the world; so naturally, the Pearl River Tower will have wind turbines installed in an effort to harness the wind’s power, especially at high altitudes, where the wind speeds are highest. Wind turbine performance is also significantly increased in the tower due to their integration with the tower’s architecture. â€Å"The Pearl River tower will implement vertical axis wind turbines, as they are capable of harnessing winds from both prevailing wind directions with minor efficiency loss.†(7 p8) Figure 5 Wind portal opening The tower will have 4 large openings that are designed to decrease wind drag forces and optimize wind velocity. It is in those openings that the wind turbines will be installed. A model of the building with the openings was studied in a wind turbine and results showed â€Å"If the wind strikes the building perpendicular to the opening, there is a drop in portal velocity. However, from almost all other angles, the wind velocity increase exceeds the ‘ambient’ wind speeds.† (7 p 9). Therefore by placing vertical axis wind turbines, one in each of those 4 openings, a sustainabl e and renewable energy source would be provided year round. It is noteworthy to mention that those turbines are low maintenance, low noise and low vibration devices that will not prove to be a nuisance to people in the building. Figure 4 Vertical axis wind turbine 3.2. Safety: The tower is beneficial for both lives inside and outside of it. Because it emits less greenhouse gasses it is prone to be less hazardous to the surrounding environment. The systems used within the tower have proved to provide a health and safe environment for its occupants. The double wall system provides a big amount of natural light into the building therefore lessening the necessity for artificial light (7, para6). This in turn affects the comfort of the human eye. The photovoltaic panels are located on the roof level of the tower therefore protecting the roof occupants from the direct and harmful effect of UV-rays. (7, para8)The absence of electric fans and air conditioners in the building in addition to the ventilation system installed, has improved indoor air quality and reduced the humidity. All these factors improve inhabitant’s comfort and productivity, and maintain a health environment. 4. Recommendation The sum of all the sustainable and renewable methods employed in the Pearl River Tower led to a significant reduction in energy consumption. Although initial design was for the building to rely solely on those methods, the project cannot be considered as a failure, only as an achievement and stepping stone for future green buildings. The implementation of all those systems and ideas prove that the concept of a â€Å"zero energy† superstructure is within our reach in the near future and is not as crazy an idea as initially conceived. It is important to note that the micro turbines were dropped from the project since the power company in Guangzhou would not allow resale of electricity, and therefore the use of micro turbines, although beneficial, would not justify their cost of installation and operation and in an economically wise decision, they were removed from the design. Their addition would have further increased efficiency to a great extent. After the results achieved, it is only logical to expect a rise in green buildings around the world, especially with the rapid progress of new technology in sustainable energy, and ultimately a â€Å"zero energy† superstructure will be constructed. Till then, the investors in such buildings would need government cooperation in order to continue their pioneering efforts in creating a more sustainable and healthier mode of living. References Frechette III, R. E. (2009). Seeking Zero Energy. Retrieved on march 14th, 2011 from: http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?hid=113sid=decf7698-dfb6-44e8-bd01-69ee6db3a178%40sessionmgr115vid=2 Fortmeyer, R. (2011). SOM’s Pearl River Tower. Architectural Records (archive). Retrieved on march 14th, 2011 from: http://archrecord.construction.com/features/archives/0612casestudy-1.asp Go, K. (2010 , 02 , 01). World’s most energy efficient building to rise in China. Shanghai News. Retrieved on march 14th, 2011 from: ecoseed.org/en/energy-efficiency/green-buildings/article/79-green-buildings/6053-world%E2%80%99s-most-energy-efficient-building-to-rise-in-china- Richerzhagen, C. (2008). Energy efficiency in buildings: a contribution of China to mitigate climate change. Retrieved on march 14th, 2011 som.com/content.cfm/pearl_river_tower evonik.cn/region/greater_china/en/company/news/low-carbon-economy/Pages/default.aspx Frechette, R. , Gilchrist, R.(2008) ‘Towards Zero Energy’ A Case Study of the Pearl River Tower, Guangzhou, China. CTBUH 8th World Congress 2008.